Kalimat Verbal dan Kalimat Nominal

Tips belajar bahasa inggris kali ini saya akan membahas bagaimana cara mudah agar kita dapat membuat kalimat dalam bahasa inggris yang sesuai dengan grammar atau tata bahasa yang baik. Selayaknya, pemahaman mengenai struktur dasar kalimat menjadi prioritas yang harus dikuasai sebelum bercengkerama dengan aspek-aspek pembelajaran bahasa Inggris lainnya.

Dalam bahasa inggris, secara mendasar semua predikat dalam kalimat harus mengekspresikan sebuah aktifitas aktif secara langsung . Adapun kalimat yang predikatnya tidak menggunakan kata kerja (aktif), maka dibantu menggunakan Auxiliaty verb / helping verb (to be, have/has, do/does,will/shall) karena fungsi dari to Be adalah kata kerja untuk membantu pada kalimat yang predikatnya tidak mengandung verb dalam kalimat nominal. semoga di pahami.. he3

• Subject  + Verb -s/es+ Object/Adverb
• Subject + to be + Complement

Ada 2 bentuk dasar kalimat  yaitu kalimat verbal dan kalimat non-verbal ( nominal).

So, hal yang perlu kamu perhatikan dalam membuat kaliamat dalam bahasa inggris adalah kamu harus bisa membedakan antara kalimat  verbal dan kalimat non-verbal (nominal). Dan jangan lupa selalu berpatokan pada posisi predikat kalimat pada tensis yang digunakan. selebihnya bisa menyesuaikan.

a. Kalimat Verbal

Kalimat verbal adalah kalimat yang Predikatnya menggunakan kata kerja.

Berikut ini saya berikan beberapa contoh kalimat verbal menggunakan tenses simple present tense.

Auxiliary verb

In linguistics, an auxiliary verb is a verb that gives further semantic or syntactic information about a main or full verb. In English, the extra meaning provided by an auxiliary verb alters the basic meaning of the main verb to make it have one or more of the following functions: passive voice, progressive aspect, perfect aspect, modality, or emphasis. It is also called helping verb, helper verb, auxiliary verb, or verbal auxiliary, and abbreviated aux.

In English, every clause has a finite verb which consists of a main verb (a non-auxiliary verb) and optionally one or more auxiliary verbs, each of which is a separate word. Examples of finite verbs include write (no auxiliary verb), have written (one auxiliary verb), and have been written (two auxiliary verbs). Many languages, including English, feature some verbs that can act either as auxiliary or as main verbs, such as be (“I am writing a letter” vs “I am a postman”) and have (“I have written a letter” vs “I have a letter”). In the case of be, it is sometimes ambiguous whether it is auxiliary or not; for example, “the ice cream was melted” could mean either “something melted the ice cream” (in which case melt would be the main verb) or “the ice cream was mostly liquid” (in which case be would be the main verb).

The primary auxiliary verbs in English are to be and to have; other major ones include shall, will, may and can.

Simple past tense

Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan masa sekarang.

A. Bentuk Kalimat

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Kalimat Nominal

Positive

Subject	Was/were	complement
you/we/they	were	complement
I/she/he/it	was	complement

Contoh :

• I was here at 07.35 pm last night ( saya berada disini pukul07.35 semalam)
• We were the good dancer in 2009`s (kami penari yang bagus tahun 2009-an(waktu itu/dulu)

Negative

Subject	Was/were not	complement
you/we/they	were not	complement
I/she/he/it	was not	complement

Contoh :

• I was not here at 07.35 pm last night
• We were not good dancers  in 2009`s

Yes – no question

Was/were	Subject	Complement?
were	you/we/they	Complement?
was	I/she/he/it	Complement?

Contoh :

• was  She  here at 07.35 pm last night?

• were  we the good dancers  in 2009`s ?

WH–word Question/questionword(Qw)

Question word/Qw	was/were	Subject	Complement?
Question word/Qw	were	you/we/they	Complement?
Question word/Qw	was	I/she/he/it	Complement?

1. Where were you at 07.35 pm last night?
2. what was at the window yesterday?

Keterangan:

• was digunakan untuk I,she,he,it ( orang ketiga tungal)
• were digunakan untuk they,we,you

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Kalimat Verbal

Positive

Subject	verb2	object/adverb
I/you/we/they/she/he/it	verb2	object/adverb

Ten Tips for Learning English as a Second Language

“What’s the best way to learn a language?”

Many students and teachers have asked this question, and the answers are as different as the people asking the question. Here I will give you several tips for learning English. They are based on my own experience in learning languages. These tips helped me when I learned a foreign language, and I hope that they will help you as you work on improving your English.

1. Want to learn.First of all, you must want to learn. If you are not interested in learning English, no class will help you, no book will help you, and no hints will make it easier. If you are not interested, you will find reasons to avoid studying, and whenever you do study, it will be very difficult. So you have to be honest with yourself. Ask yourself, “Do I really want to learn English?” If you can’t answer “yes” to this question, it is better for you to set English aside until you’re ready and willing to learn.
2. Identify your motivation.Next, you need to identify your motivation. Ask yourself, “Why do I want to learn English? Why do I want to improve my English?” Some people want to learn English to get a better job, or to be considered for a promotion. Other people may need to learn English to attend university or school. Still other people may want to learn English so they can enjoy life in America more, by being able to understand movies and TV, and make friends with their American neighbors. Each person is different, so their motivations will be different also. If you have identified your motivation, it will be easier for you to learn English, because it will help to encourage you as you learn English.
3. Set goals.Once you have identified your motivation, you can set some goals for learning English. Having goals will help you to remember what areas you want to work on, and it will help you to see your progress.
4. Ask yourself, “What are my goals? What areas would I like to improve?” Pronunciation? Listening comprehension? Would you like to increase your vocabulary? Do you want to know what to say

5 Tips for speaking English Fluently

RULE 1: Always Study and Review Phrases, Not Individual Words

Never study a single, individual word. Never.

When you find a new word, always write down The Phrase it is in. Always.

When you review, always review all of the phrase,.. not the word.

Collect phrases.

Your speaking and grammar will improve 4-5 times faster. Always write the

complete phrase.

Never again study a single word. Never write a single word in your notebook,

Learn Phrases Only.Phrases are GROUPS of words that naturally go

together.

RULE 2: The Most Important Rule– Listen First

What is the rule that Humberto found? Simple. The rule is listening.

Listening, listening, listening.

You must listen to UNDERSTANDABLE English. You must listen to

THE 23 AUXILIARY VERBS

1.  Twelve (12) verbs, when used as auxiliary verbs, combine with the base form only (“base form” = infinitive minus “to”; for example:  to go  = infinitive; go  = base form).

will                          would                     may                       do                            shall                       should                   might                     does                       can                         could                      must                      did

OK:  I will go.  You can go.  He should go.  We may go.  They do go.                Not OK: I will going.  You can gone.  He should goes.  We may went.  They do going.

2.  Seven (7) verbs, when used as auxiliary verbs, combine with present participles (base form plus ing: for example, going ) OR past participles (I have walked.  I have gone.)

am          is             are          was        were      be           been

OK:  I am going.  He is going.  He is gone.  You are going.  You are gone.  She was going.  She was gone.  We were going.  We were gone.  They will be going.  They will be gone.  It has been going.  It has been gone.                                            Not OK:  I am go.  I am went.  He is goes.  He was wenting.  She will be goning.

Note:  Been  is the past participle of to be.   But, none of the 7 verbs above combines with been.  In fact, only three auxiliaries combine with been:  have, has, had.  One of these three  is always immediately in front of been  (for example:  I have been  sick.  He has been  sick.  I had been  sick.), except in the negative and interrogative (for example:  I have not been  sick. (negative)    Has he been  sick? (interrogative)).  Also Note:  Been  cannot stand alone.  For example:  Not OK:  I been  here two years.    OK:  I have been  here two years.   Not OK:  I been  living  here two years.   OK:  I have been living  here two years.

Eight parts of speech

When determining the usage of words in sentences, it is helpful to understand the eight parts of speech. The eight basic parts of speech are simple. They are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. All English words fit into one of these grammatical categories. Many English words function as more than one part of speech. Take the word fly for example. When you fly in a plane, it is a verb; when you swat a fly, it is a noun; and when you wear fly shades, it is a slang adjective. English can be confusing because words can mean more than one thing, but if you know your eight parts of speech, you will avoid confusion.

Verbs are words used to express action, condition, or a state of being. They are used in speech to move the meanings of sentences along. An action verb expresses an action. Words such as throw, create, and draw express physical action. Mental actions can be expressed by words such as believe, desire, and visualize. Verbs such as be and feel are used to show states of being. Helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs, are used to help the main verb express action or create verb phrases. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are would, might and am.

Nouns are words that name a person, place, thing or idea. A few examples of nouns are person, place, thing and idea. Proper nouns name specific things such as Jeff, California, and English. To change a noun from singular form to plural form an s or es must be added to the end of the word. Two examples are thing/things and dish/dishes. Some nouns have irregular plural forms and are a little harder to spell sometimes. A couple of these nouns are man/men, and reality/realities. To show ownership, one must add an apostrophe s to the end of a singular noun, or just an apostrophe to a plural noun. Examples of the possessive form are Jeff’s possession and fools’ wisdom.

5 tenses pokok

TENSES

Bentuk kata kerja dan to be dalam bahasa Inggris berubah mengikuti perubahan waktu terjadinya peristiwa. Bentuk kata kerja yang menunjuk perubahan waktu ini disebut sebagai tenses. Ada enam belas tenses dalam bahasa Inggris, tetapi untuk daily conversation umumnya menggunakan lima tenses sebagai berikut:

1. Simple present tense

menyatakan sesuatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau suatu kebiasaan, juga untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum.

2. Present continuous tense

menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada saat sekarang (sedang berlaku).

Clause types

Clause types
• main
• subordinate
Main clauses
A main clause is complete on its own. It may be a complete sentence written with a capital letter and full stop (or ?!):
Alice saw a rabbit.
Anna is eating her favourite supper.
Finally, we arrived.
Simple sentences consist of just one main clause:
Hannah is eating her favourite supper.
Finally, we arrived.
Compound sentences consist of two or more main clauses – clauses of equal weight, joined together by and, or, but, or so. (This relationship is called co-ordination, and is explained in a separate unit.)
I’ve lost my school bag but the keys are here so I’m not locked out.
It’s late, so she’s not going.
I like reading and I love Hemingway.
Complex sentences contain one or more subordinate clauses.
Subordinate clauses
A subordinate clause is part of a larger clause.
He burns easily if he doesn’t use sun cream.
Where is the cup of tea that you promised to make?
Everything she buys is really expensive.
The class I taught last year all did quite well.

Because the subordinate clause is part of the larger clause, the remainder of this clause is not itself a complete clause; so in the first example above the main clause is the entire sentence, not He burns easily.
Using subordinate clauses allows writers to vary pace and rhythm and to indicate the relative importance of different ideas.
To learn more about subordinate clauses, click any of the following links:
• Subordination signals
• Finite and non-finite clauses
• Noun clauses
• Relative clauses
• Adverbial clauses
• Nested subordinate clauses